From the CRC handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Cleveland, 55th ed., 1974-75 "The Elements" by C.R. Hammond. page B-6
IRIDIUM (L. iris, rainbow), Ir; at. wt. 192.22; at. no. 77; m.p. 2410 C; b.p. 4130 C; sp.gr. 22.42 (17 C); valence 3 or 4. Discovered in 1803 by Tennant in the residue left when crude platinum is dissovled by aqua regia. The name iridium is appropriate, for its salts are highly colored. Iridium, a metal of the platinum family, is white, smilar to platinum, but with a slight yellowish cast. It is very hard and brittle, making it very hard to machine, form, or work. It is the most corrosion- resistant metal known, and was used in making the standard meter bar of Paris which is a 90% platinum-10% iridium alloy. This meter bar has since been replaced as a fundametal unit of length (see under Krypton). Iridium occurs uncombined in nature with platinum and other metals of this family in alluvial deposits. It is recovered as a byproduct from the nickel mining industry. Iridium has found use in making crucibles and apparatus for use at high temperatures. It is also used for electrical contacts. Its principal use is as a hardening agent for platinum. With osmium, it forms an alloy which is used for tipping pens and compass bearings. The specific gravity of iridium is only very slightly lower than that of osmium, which has been generally credited as being the heavisest known element. Calculations of the densities of iridium and osmium from the space lattices give values of 22.65 and 22.61 gms./cu. cm., respectively. These values may be more reliable than actual physical measurements. At present, therefore, we know that either iridium or osmium is the densest known element, but the data do not yet allow selection between the two. Iridium costs about $160 to $190/troy ounce.
